I think you need to understand human cognition in order to understand design because cognition is what goes in our heads when we do daily tasks. It involves thinking, learning, daydreaming, decision making, and writing. When I am studying for my exam I need to learn the material for an exam, pay close attention, perceive and try to remember everything. Sometime when we are not sure what we are looking for we talk with people or browse on site to find out the right information.
Memory is also part of cognition that involves recalling various kinds of knowledge that allow us to act appropriately such as remember someone name, remember what we did last year. Sometime we do not remember yesterday what we did. It is not possible for us to remember everything that we see, hear, taste smell or touch.
Some of the design implications are good such as icons and graphical representation should easily tell the user what they mean.
Sounds should be audible so the users can understand they they represent.
Text should be easily readable.
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